Cummings diesel engine using the sensor

康明斯發動機上使用的溫度傳感器為二線式熱敏式溫度傳感器。隨著溫度的升高，熱敏電阻的阻值降低，正常情況下阻值在 500歐姆和 40千歐之間變化，下圖右側所示為一個典型的康明斯溫度傳感器的技術參數。具體數值請參照隨電路圖提供的傳感器技術參數表。

下圖所示為溫度傳感器的工作原理。隨著溫度的升高，熱敏電阻值降低，從而使信號電壓降低。根據溫度傳感器的工作原理，可以用檢查熱敏電阻阻值的方法檢查溫度傳感器。通過對比實際測得的電阻值和參數表中的電阻值，即可判斷溫度傳感器是否在正常工作。

發動機上使用的溫度傳感器通常包括冷卻液溫度傳感器、進氣溫度傳感器、燃油溫度傳感器、機油溫度傳感器，以及在某些情況下由 OEM提供的溫度傳感器等。需要指出的是，溫度傳感器有時會和壓力傳感器集成到一起形成一個復合傳感器，此時溫度傳感器的工作原理和檢查方式均沒有變化。復合傳感器的優點在于可以減少系統的零件數量，使發動機線束更簡單。壓力傳感器控制系統。

Cummings engine temperature sensor used for second line type thermistor temperature sensor. With the increase of temperature, the resistance of the thermistor is reduced, under normal circumstances resistance at 500 ohms and euro 40000between change, below the right side shows a typical Cummins temperature sensor parameter. Please refer to the specific values of circuit with sensor technology parameter table.

The figure below shows the temperature sensor working principle. With the increase of temperature, thermal resistance value is reduced, so that the signal voltage reduction. According to the temperature sensor working principle, can use the inspection method inspection of thermistor temperature sensor. By comparing the actual measured resistance values and parameters in the table of the resistance value, you can determine whether the normal work of the temperature sensor in.

Engine temperature sensor used typically includes a coolant temperature sensor, temperature sensor, fuel temperature sensor, fuel temperature sensor, and in some cases provided by OEM temperature sensor. What need points out is, temperature sensor and pressure sensor can sometimes be integrated together to form a composite sensor, the temperature sensor working principle and examination methods are no change. Composite sensor has the advantages that can reduce the number of parts, so that the engine wire harness more simple. Pressure sensor control system.

中典型的壓力傳感器包括機油壓力傳感器、進氣壓力傳感器，燃油壓力傳感器、大氣壓力傳感器，以及某些情況下 OEM安裝的壓力傳感器。天然氣發動機通常還安裝有多個燃氣壓力傳感器。

康明斯發動機上使用的壓力傳感器有兩種不同的工作原理，一種為電容式壓力傳感器，另外一種為壓電晶體式。兩種傳感器均為三線式，康明斯QSK柴油機傳感器|康明斯QSK柴油機傳感器維修技術|康明斯QSK柴油機傳感器資料|康明斯QSK柴油機傳感器維修服務商兩根電源線向傳感器提供 5伏的工作電壓，一根信號線向 ECM提供壓力信號電壓。電容式壓力傳感器通過內部的一個電容來感應壓力的變化，當壓力變化時，壓力差使電容的兩個極板之間

Installation of pressure sensor. Natural gas engine is also fitted with a plurality of gas pressure sensor.

Cummings engine using pressure sensor has two different working principle, a capacitive pressure sensor, another for the piezoelectric crystal type. Two sensors are three lines, two power line to the sensor provides 5 volt working voltage, a signal line to provide ECM pressure signal voltage. Capacitive pressure sensor by an internal capacitance sensing pressure changes, when the pressure changes, the pressure difference between two pole plates of capacitor

的距離發生變化，從而輸出一個信號電壓。壓電晶體式傳感器通過內部的一個壓電晶體來感應壓力的變化，當壓力變化時，作用在壓電晶體上的壓差使壓電晶體輸出一個信號電壓。

根據壓力傳感器測量壓力時參考壓力的不同，壓力傳感器又可以分為相對壓力傳感器和絕對壓力傳感器。

The distance is changed, thereby outputting a signal voltage. Piezoelectric crystal sensor through the interior of a piezoelectric crystal to sense the pressure change, when the pressure changes, role in the piezoelectric crystal pressure so that the output of a signal voltage of piezoelectric crystals.

According to the pressure sensor to measure pressure when the reference pressure difference, the pressure sensor can be divided into relative pressure sensor and pressure sensor.

相對壓力傳感器測量壓力時的參考壓力為大氣壓，因此其測量大氣壓時的測量值為零。絕對壓力傳感器測量壓力時的參考壓力是真空，其測得的壓力值為絕對壓力。

大部分壓力傳感器無法通過測量電阻的方式來判斷好壞，而是需要在壓力傳感器工作時通過輸出的信號電壓來判斷。因此在檢測壓力傳感器時需要專用的檢測導線，保證傳感器正常工作的同時將三條線引出供檢測，不同的壓力傳感器需要不同的檢測導線。下圖為三種不同的壓力傳感器測試抽頭。

下表為一個機油壓力傳感器在不同機油壓力時的輸出信號電壓值。具體在測量壓力傳感器時，請參考電路圖上的壓力傳感器參數表。

如前所述，為了減少零件數目和使發動機線束更簡單，有些系統將溫度傳感器和壓力傳感器集成到一個傳感器中，比如測量進氣壓力和溫度的進氣壓力 /溫度復合傳感器，測量機油壓力和溫度的機油壓力 /溫度復合傳感器等。

和其它輸入設備一樣，壓力傳感器的工作電壓為 5伏。

Relative pressure sensor to measure pressure when the reference pressure to atmospheric pressure, so the measurement of atmospheric pressure when the measurement value is zero. Absolute pressure sensor to measure pressure when the reference pressure is vacuum, the measured pressure values for absolute pressure.

Much of the pressure sensor by measuring the resistance method to judge, but in need of work through the output of pressure sensor signal voltage to judge. Therefore in the detection of the pressure sensor need special detecting wire sensor to ensure normal work, while three line extraction for detection, different pressure sensors require different testing wire. Below are three different pressure sensor test tap.

The table below is an oil pressure sensor in different oil pressure in the output signal when the voltage value. In particular in the measurement of pressure sensor, please refer to the circuit diagram of the pressure sensor on the parameter table.

As mentioned before, in order to reduce the number of parts and make the engine wiring harness more simple, some systems the temperature sensor and the pressure sensor integrated into a sensor, such as measurement of inlet pressure and temperature of the inlet air pressure / temperature complex sensor, measuring the oil pressure and temperature of the oil pressure / temperature complex sensor.

And other input devices, pressure sensor working voltage of 5volts.

速度與位置傳感器

速度與位置傳感器是電控發動機上用于檢測發動機運行速度與凸輪軸位置的傳感器。有兩種不同形式的速度傳感器:

Speed and position sensors

Speed and position sensor is electrically controlled engine is used for detecting the operating speed of the engine with camshaft position sensor. There are two kinds of speed sensor:

磁繞組式（VR式）速度傳感器內部有一電磁鐵心和磁線繞組，電磁鐵心產生電磁場，速度信號輪在旋轉時切割磁場，在磁線繞組上產生交流信號，ECM通過計量交流信號的頻率即可計算出信號輪的轉速。

磁繞組式的速度傳感器可以通過測量電阻值來檢查其是否工作正常，具體請參考隨電路圖提供的傳感器參數表。有些磁繞組式速度傳感器內部有兩組繞組，這兩組繞組的功能是一樣的，其中一組用于另外一組失效時的備用。

Magnetic winding type ( VR type ) speed sensor having an internal magnetic core and magnetic wire winding, magnetic core to generate an electromagnetic field, velocity signal wheel rotates in magnetic field, magnetic wire winding in the AC signal is generated, ECM through measuring the frequency of the AC signal to calculate the signal wheel speed.

Magnetic winding type speed sensor can be achieved by measuring the resistance value to check whether the normal work, please refer to the specific circuit diagram is provided with the sensor parameters table. Some magnetic winding type velocity sensor has two windings, the two sets of windings of the function is the same, one group for another group of failure of spare.

霍爾效應式速度傳感器內部有一特殊的半導體，在金屬物體接近此半導體時其電阻會發生變化，通過傳感器內部的電路輸出信號電壓。和磁繞組式速度傳感器輸出的模擬信號相比，霍爾效應式速度傳感器輸出的是更精確的數字信號，因此越來越多的機型開始采用霍爾效應式的速度和位置傳感器。

Holzer effect type velocity sensor within a particular semiconductor, metal objects close to the semiconductor whose resistance changes, through the internal circuit output signal voltage sensor. And magnetic winding type speed sensor output analog signal is compared, the Holzer effect type speed sensor output is more precise digital signal, therefore more and more models began to use the Holzer effect of the speed and position sensor.

霍爾效應式的速度和位置傳感器無法通過測量電阻來檢測。可以通過盤轉發動機，測量其輸出信號電壓的方法來判斷其工作的好壞。在盤動發動機時，正常工作的霍爾效應式速度傳感器的輸出電壓在 0伏和五伏之間切換（0伏和 5伏為名義電壓，實際電壓比 0伏稍高，比 5伏稍低）。

在速度信號輪上做出一個異型的輪齒或其它的標記，速度傳感器即可以測量出曲軸或凸輪軸的位置，所以速度傳感器同時也是發動機位置傳感器。通常我們將安裝在凸輪軸上的傳感器叫位置傳感器，安裝在曲軸上的傳感器叫速度傳感器。燃氣質量流量傳感器(GMFS)

此傳感器用于康明斯天然氣發動機上測量天然氣的質量流量。

The Holzer effect of the speed and position sensor by measuring the resistance to detect. Through the disc rotation engine, measuring the output signal voltage method to judge the quality of its work. In the disc engine, the normal work of the Holzer effect type speed sensor output voltage at 0 volts and five volts ( switching between0volts and 5 volts for a nominal voltage of0 volts, the actual voltage ratio higher than5 volts, slightly lower ).

In the speed signal wheel make a shaped teeth or other markers, speed sensor which can measure the crankshaft or camshaft position, so the speed sensor and engine position sensor. Usually we will be installed on the cam shaft of the sensor is mounted on the crankshaft position sensor, a sensor called speed sensor. Gas mass flow sensor ( GMFS )

The sensor used in Cummings natural gas engine gas mass flow measurement.

電路描述：

電子控制模塊（ ECM）通過 GMFS來測量從燃料供應管輸送到發動機的燃氣量。GMFS通過蓄電池供電。燃氣質量流量傳感器是一個熱絲風速計 ,它通過計量將電熱絲維持在恒定溫度所需的電功率確定燃氣的流量。當有更多的燃氣流經流量傳感器的電熱絲時，電熱絲就需要更大的電功率來維持其保持在恒定的溫度。

部件位置：

B5.9G：GMFS安裝在燃氣控制殼體的背面。 C8.3G：GMFS安裝發動機左側燃料控制閥的旁邊。 L10G：GMFS安裝在發動機左側壓力調節器的下游。

修理提示：

將期望的燃氣質量流量信號與感應到的燃氣質量流量信號比較，可以檢測傳感器或燃氣流量通道的故障。檢查 12V供電電壓信號是否正常。檢查燃料箱中是否有足夠的燃料和/或 GMFS是否被污染。加熱式氧傳感器(HOS) 康明斯天然氣發動機中使用此傳感器來測量發動機尾氣中的氧氣的含量。

Circuit description:

Electronic control module ( ECM ) through the GMFS to measure from the fuel supply pipe is supplied to the engine fuel. GMFS through the storage battery power supply. Gas mass flow sensor is a hot wire anemometer, it through the measurement will be maintained at a constant temperature electric heating wire for electric power to determine the flow rate of gas. When there are more gas flowing through the flow sensor of the electric wire, electric wire requires greater power to maintain its maintained at constant temperature.

Component location:

B5.9G:GMFS mounted on the back of the shell gas control. Install C8.3G:GMFS left engine fuel control valve. L10G:GMFS mounted on the left engine pressure regulator downstream.

Repair tips:

The desired gas mass flow signal of the sensor and gas mass flow signal comparison, can be detected with a sensor or gas flow channel fault. Check the 12V power supply voltage signal is normal. Check the fuel tank if there are enough fuel and / or GMFS is not contaminated. Heated oxygen sensor ( HOS ) in Cummings natural gas engine using this sensor to measure the oxygen content in the tail gas of an engine.

電路描述：

氧傳感器用來監測發動機廢氣中的氧含量, 并發信號給 ECM。電子控制模塊（ ECM）通過 HOS來計算發動機運行時的實際空燃比，并根據計算結果來調整燃料供給，從而得到昀佳的排放水平。

部件位置：

HOS位于渦輪增壓器廢氣出口。

修理提示：

l電氣連接器中的任何潤滑脂都會導致傳感器故障。

l在傳感器安裝螺紋上只使用康明斯認可的防粘接膏和潤滑劑。

l參考空氣流過 HOS線束 -如果空氣供應受阻，發動機將不能正常運行。

l檢查傳感器電源供應。

l現在新型的氧傳感器將傳感器的兩個插接件整合為一個。節氣門閥片位置傳感器(TPPS)

   康明斯天然氣發動機中使用此傳感器檢測節氣門的開度。

Circuit description:

Electronic control module ( ECM ) through the GMFS to measure from the fuel supply pipe is supplied to the engine fuel. GMFS through the storage battery power supply. Gas mass flow sensor is a hot wire anemometer, it through the measurement will be maintained at a constant temperature electric heating wire for electric power to determine the flow rate of gas. When there are more gas flowing through the flow sensor of the electric wire, electric wire requires greater power to maintain its maintained at constant temperature.

Component location:

B5.9G:GMFS mounted on the back of the shell gas control. Install C8.3G:GMFS left engine fuel control valve. L10G:GMFS mounted on the left engine pressure regulator downstream.

Repair tips:

The desired gas mass flow signal of the sensor and gas mass flow signal comparison, can be detected with a sensor or gas flow channel fault. Check the 12V power supply voltage signal is normal. Check the fuel tank if there are enough fuel and / or GMFS is not contaminated. Heated oxygen sensor ( HOS ) in Cummings natural gas engine using this sensor to measure the oxygen content in the tail gas of an engine.

電路描述：

電子控制模塊（ECM）通過節氣門閥片位置傳感器（TPPS）測量節氣門閥片開度的百分比。

部件位置：

節氣門閥片位置傳感器 TPPS位于節氣門體的頂部。

修理提示：

沒有節氣門閥片位置傳感器 TPPS時發動機也能工作。一旦出現現行 TPPS故障代碼， ECM利用測量的混合器進口壓力和歧管絕對壓力來估算節氣門閥片的開度。爆震傳感器

康明斯天然氣發動機中使用此傳感器來檢測氣缸內的爆震。

Circuit description:

Electronic control module ( ECM ) through the solar term valve slice position sensor ( TPPS ) measurements of solar term valve slice opening percentage.

Component location:

Solar term valve slice position sensor TPPS located in the solar term door top.

Repair tips:

No solar term valve slice position sensor TPPS engine can work. Once the current TPPS fault code, ECM uses measurements of the mixer inlet pressure and the manifold absolute pressure to estimate solar term valve slice opening. Knock sensor

Cummings gas engine using this sensor to detect the cylinder detonation.

爆震是指燃燒室中的殘余燃氣被壓燃的現象。殘余燃氣燃燒后，燃燒室局部的燃燒速率非常快，從而在燃燒室中產生壓力振蕩。壓力振蕩會導致響亮的爆震聲。壓力振蕩還使熱傳遞變快，并造成較高的表面溫度，從而使發動機損壞。

早期我們通過調整基本點火正時表控制爆震。為了防止由于正時調整, 而造成的發動機部件損壞，ECM 中編程有昀大極限值。如果正時調整不成功，還可以通過兩種減小節氣門開度的方式來消除爆震。輕微地減小節氣門開度會對節氣門有所限制，但爆震消除后駕駛員可以重新恢復節氣門昀大開度；而大幅度減小節氣門開度會進一步限制節氣門。如果大幅度減小節氣門開度達到一定的次數，節氣門開度就限制在昀大嚴重開度極限內直到發動機停機。

修理提示：

l當有故障代碼顯示檢測到發動機發生爆震時，應先檢查爆震傳感器是否松動。

開關

開關是電控系統中另外一類的輸入設備。和傳感器不同，開關向 ECM輸入的是開關量，所以它通常是用于向 ECM輸入司機的操作指令，如診斷開關等。根據開關控制電路的數量和結合位置的不同，開關可以分為單刀單擲開關、單刀雙擲開關、雙刀單擲開關等等。單刀單擲開關單刀雙擲開關。

Detonation is a combustion chamber in which the residual gas by compression ignition phenomenon. Residual gas after combustion, combustion chamber partial combustion rate very fast, thus generated in a combustion chamber pressure oscillation. Pressure oscillation will lead to a loud knock. Pressure oscillation was also the heat transmission is changing rapidly, and caused a higher surface temperature, so that the engine damage.

Early us by adjusting the basic ignition timing control detonation. In order to prevent the timing adjustment caused by the engine component damage, ECM programming is Yun large limit value. If the timing adjustment is not successful, can also reduce by two small throttle opening way to eliminate knocking. Slightly reduced small throttle opening of solar term door has the limit, but the detonation eliminat, ion after the driver can resume solar term door Yun large opening; and substantially reduced solar term door opening will further restrict solar term door. If the greatly reduced solar term door opening degree reaches a certain number of times, solar term door opening limiting in Yun serious opening limit until the engine shutdown.

Repair tips:

·when there is a fault code to display the detected engine when knocking occurs, should first check whether the loosening of the knock sensor.

Switch

The switch is electrically controlled system of another type of input device. And the sensor, switch to the ECM input switching capacity, so it is usually used to ECM input driver instructions, such as diagnostic switch. According to the switch control circuit and the number of binding in different position, the switch can be divided into single pole single throw switch, single pole double throw switch, single pole double throw switch and so on. SPST SPDT Switch

根據開關的結合方式，開關又可以分為瞬態開關和常態開關。瞬態開關用于臨時結合，如怠速調整開關。

從開關的結合狀態來區分，開關可以分為常開開關和常閉開關。當系統不工作時開關的結合狀態即為區分的標準。電路圖上顯示的開關狀態即為系統不工作時的狀態，常開開關處在打開的位置，常閉開關處在關閉的位置。

油門踏板

在康明斯車用和工程機械用電控發動機上，傳統的機械拉桿式油門被一個標準的 6線式電子油門所取代，油門踏板和發動機之間不再有任何的機械連接，既提高了油門的響應速度和精度，也有利于整車的布置。

如下圖所示，油門內部由一個電位計（可變電阻）和一個單刀雙擲開關組成。單刀雙擲開關的作用是向 ECM提供怠速與非怠速信號，所以此開關也叫怠速校驗開關。在司機踩與不踩油門時，此開關分別處在非怠速與怠速兩個不同的接通位置，ECM即可通過此開關的接通位置判斷司機是否已經踩下油門。

司機踩下油門的深度，即油門踏板開啟角度或油門信號，是通過一個電位計來提供的。此電位計的工作電壓為五伏，油門信號電壓在略大于 0伏和小于 5伏之間的電壓變化。

According to the combination switch, switch can be divided into transient switching and normal switch. Transient switching for the temporary binding, such as idle speed adjustment switch.

From the switch combination state to distinguish, the switch can be divided into a normally open switch and a normally closed switch. When the system does not work when the switch combination state is to distinguish between the standard. Circuit diagram display switch state is the system does not work when the state, the normally open switch in the open position, the normally closed switch is in the closed position.

Accelerator pedal

In Cummins automobile and engineering machinery engine, the traditional mechanical type accelerator is a standard 6 wire type electronic throttle is replaced, the accelerator pedal and the engine there is no longer any mechanical connection, can improve throttle response speed and precision, but also is beneficial to the whole arrangement.

As shown below, the throttle by a potentiometer ( variable resistor) and a single pole double throw switch. Single pole double throw switch function is provided to ECM idle and non-idle signal, so the switch is also called idle validation switch. The driver stepped on and not stepping on the gas, this switch are respectively in the non idle and idle two different switching positions, ECM can pass through this switch on position judgment whether the driver 's foot on the accelerator.

The driver stepped on the gas and the depth, i.e. the accelerator pedal opening angle or the throttle signal, is passed through a potentiometer to provide. The potentiometer operating voltage of five volts, the throttle signal voltage at a slightly greater than 0 volts and less than 5 V voltage change between the.

油門踏板和遠程油門技術參數 油門位置傳感器線圈電阻： 電源和回路導線之間

l2000至3000歐姆 電源和信號導線之間（釋放踏板）

l1500至3000歐姆 電源和信號導線之間（踩下踏板）

l200至1500歐姆

注：釋放踏板時的電阻減去踩下時的電阻必須為 1000歐姆。

The accelerator pedal and the remote accelerator technology parameters of throttle position sensor coil resistance : power and loop between conductors

*2000 to3000 ohm power and signal conductors between ( release pedal )

*1500 to3000 ohm power and signal conductors between ( pedaling )

It is200 to1500 ohms

Note: release the pedal when the resistance is subtracted from the pedal when the resistance must be 1000 ohms.

下圖為 ISBe發動機上油門踏板的電路接線圖。

Below is the ISBe engine throttle pedal circuit wiring diagram.