康明斯發(fā)動機(jī)活塞環(huán)口怎么對？發(fā)動機(jī)無力，油耗高怎么處理? 高溫，怎么處理，哪里出了問題？

Cummings engine piston rings are how to? Motor weakness, high temperature, high fuel consumption and how to deal with? How to deal with, where is the problem?

第一道環(huán)的開口不能向發(fā)動機(jī)的左側(cè)，因為“做功行程”時活塞左邊受到很大的力；三道活塞環(huán)的開口部能在同一個方向，三道環(huán)的開口最好是分別相對120度，即第二道環(huán)安裝時開口與第一道相對120度，第三道環(huán)的開口與第一環(huán)和第二環(huán)都相對120度。

The first ring opening can not be to the left side of the engine, because the "power stroke" left by a large force of piston; the three opening of the piston ring in the same direction, the three ring opening is best is respectively 120 degrees, namely the second ring installation opening and the first phase of 120 degrees the third ring, and the opening of the first and second rings are relative degree 120.

康明斯無力的原因:

The reason Cummings is unable to:

一.供油系統(tǒng)的故障:1.供油系統(tǒng)漏油或輕微堵塞(油管.空心羅絲.柴油濾蕊堵塞).2.噴油泵.噴油器噴油不均,霧化不良或少缸噴油.3.供油提前角不對

A fuel supply system. Fault: 1 oil supply system leakage or minor blockage (tubing. Hollow rose. Diesel filter core blockage).2. fuel injection pump, injector is uneven, atomization adverse or less cylinder fuel injection.3. fuel supply advance angle

二.壓縮壓力不足:1.進(jìn),排(排氣閥未打開)氣管堵塞.2.氣門間隙不當(dāng)或氣門(氣缸墊)漏氣.3.缸套,活塞(環(huán))磨損,膠結(jié),斷裂.4.真空度不足

Two. Insufficient pressure: 1, row (exhaust valve does not open) trachea blocked.2. valve clearance or improper valve (gasket) leakage.3. cylinder, piston (ring) wear, cementation, fracture.4. of low vacuum

康明斯高溫

Cummings temperature

1 水是否潔凈；

1 whether the water clean;

2 副水箱.水管：是否有積累的贓物，是否有破裂的現(xiàn)象，水管是否有折彎的現(xiàn)象；

The 2 auxiliary water tank. Water: whether there is accumulation of stolen goods, whether the rupture phenomenon, whether there is the phenomenon of pipe bending;

3 水溫器：有沒有跟換水溫器，需要時或要時有沒有預(yù)備；

3 water temperature: have nothing to do with the change of water temperature regulator, need to have or not ready;

4 水箱：是否通暢，是否良好；

4 water tank: whether unobstructed, is good;

5 水 ：是否減少；

5: whether to reduce the water;

康明斯發(fā)動機(jī)怠速時冒很多白煙,該怎么處理? 有負(fù)載時大量冒黑煙的原因及處理？電噴柴油車.冒黑煙.什么原因？

When the engine is idling Cummings take a lot of white smoke, how should handle? Take the cause and treatment of black smoke a lot of load? EFI diesel. Black smoke. What reason?

可能故障原因有：一噴油時間過遲或各缸噴油間隔角不一；二噴油有滴漏，霧化不好，噴油壓力低，使燃油未完全燃燒排出；

Possible fault causes are: a fuel injection time too late or cylinder injection interval angle is not a; two injection drip, atomization is not good, so that the fuel injection pressure is low, incomplete combustion exhaust;

1：進(jìn)氣不通暢 處理：檢查進(jìn)氣道是否損壞或阻塞。

1: the intake is not smooth processing: check whether the damaged or blocked the inlet.

2：排氣背壓太高 處理：在有負(fù)載的情況下，檢查并校正排氣背壓

2: the exhaust back pressure too high: in the case of a load, check and correct the exhaust back pressure

3：在氣候炎熱或海拔高的地區(qū)，空氣稀薄 處理：氣候條件對柴油機(jī)有影響，空氣稀薄進(jìn)應(yīng)減少負(fù)載

3: in a hot climate and high altitudes, the air is thin processing: the weather condition influence on diesel engine, the thin air inlet should reduce the load

4：渦輪增壓器壓縮機(jī)臟污 處理：清洗或更換增壓器，檢查增壓器中有無污

4: the turbocharger compressor contamination treatment: clean or replace turbocharger, inspect supercharger has no pollution

5：泄放閥堵塞 處理：清洗或更換泄放閥

5: relief valve jam treatment: clean or replace the relief valve

6：燃油質(zhì)量低劣 處理：使用質(zhì)量符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的柴油

6: the poor quality of fuel processing: the use of quality standards in line with the diesel

7：輸油管道受阻 處理：輸油管道中有異物或管道損壞，清理修復(fù)

7: pipeline is blocked in the pipeline processing: a foreign body or pipeline damage, cleaning and repairing

8：噴油器噴油孔堵塞 處理：檢查噴油器，清洗并調(diào)整

8: injector Kong Dusai processing: check the fuel injector, cleaning and adjustment

9：后冷卻器堵塞（空氣端） 處理：檢查后冷卻器通向交換器出口處。清除后冷卻器的污物和油泥

9: after cooler jam (air side): check after cooler outlet to the exchanger. Dirt and oil cooler after clearance

10：噴油器噴油室的尺寸不對 處理：調(diào)校檢查

10: the wrong size processing injector chamber: calibration check

11：噴油器噴油室破裂 處理：拆下噴油器和噴油室。更換破裂的噴油室。調(diào)校噴油器

11: the injector chamber rupture processing: remove the injector and injection room. Replace cracked injection room. Adjustable injector

12：油泵校準(zhǔn)不正確 處理：重新調(diào)校

12: Pump incorrect calibration processing: re adjustment

13：噴油器流量不正確 處理：檢查噴油器的O型密封環(huán)，噴油室、柱塞濾網(wǎng)和噴油器流量，更換損壞的部件，重新調(diào)校

13: the injector flow does not correctly handle: O type check the fuel injector sealing ring, injection chamber, piston and injector flow filter, replacement of damaged parts, re adjustment

14：密封墊漏氣 處理：檢查環(huán)是否磨損，通氣管是否破裂，或通氣閥是否損壞。

14: seal leakage treatment: check whether the wear ring, vent pipe is broken, or the vent valve is damaged.

15：氣門漏氣或調(diào)整不正確 處理：拆下排氣歧管，再檢查柴油機(jī)的噪音。拆下氣缸蓋，修理氣門。重新調(diào)整氣門

15: valve leakage or adjust the incorrect processing: remove exhaust manifold, then check the diesel engine noise. Remove cylinder head, repair valve. Re adjustment of valve

16：活塞環(huán)斷裂或磨損 處理：拆下排氣歧管，找出破損的活塞環(huán)，修理更換

16: processing or wear of piston ring fracture: remove exhaust manifold, find out the piston ring damage, repair and replacement

17：柴油機(jī)應(yīng)進(jìn)行大修 處理：檢查柴油機(jī)運行的里程數(shù)和工作小時數(shù)，及時大修

17: diesel engine overhaul processing: check the diesel engine running mileage and the number of hours worked, timely repair

18：氣門和噴油正時不正確 處理：重新調(diào)整氣門正時和噴油正時

18: valve and fuel injection timing is incorrect processing: to re adjust the valve timing and injection timing

19：噴油器需要調(diào)整 處理：進(jìn)行必要的調(diào)節(jié)

19: injector need adjustments: adjustments

電噴柴油車.冒黑煙.什么原因：如果急加油冒點黑煙很正常`進(jìn)氣少，燃燒不完全，再就是正時的問題，不過這個情況少見`基本上一般的柴油車冒黑煙都是屬于正常現(xiàn)象，尤其是老車`新車還能強(qiáng)一些

EFI diesel. Black smoke. What reason: if emergency refueling take black smoke is normal, intake less, incomplete combustion, then that is when the problem, but this situation rarely, basically general diesel black smoke is a normal phenomenon, especially the old car, new car also stronger

柴油發(fā)動機(jī)水溫過低對發(fā)動機(jī)有什么影響？

Diesel engine water temperature is too low, what is the impact on the engine?

傳統(tǒng)的發(fā)動機(jī)的最佳工作溫度是80-90度，電噴發(fā)動機(jī)的最佳工作溫度略高于傳統(tǒng)發(fā)動機(jī)，通常為88-95度，甚至可高達(dá)103度。保持正常的工作溫度對發(fā)動機(jī)的運轉(zhuǎn)極為貢要。如果發(fā)動機(jī)的工作溫度過低，一方面會使燃燒氣體的熱量散失過多，發(fā)動機(jī)熱效率下降;另一方面會使氣缸內(nèi)的部分可燃混合氣在氣缸壁上凝結(jié)并流到油底殼內(nèi)，不僅增加了燃油消耗，還會使機(jī)油變稀而影響潤滑，造成發(fā)動機(jī)磨損加劇;此外，電噴發(fā)動機(jī)的控制系統(tǒng)在發(fā)動機(jī)工作溫度較低時會增加噴油量，也使發(fā)動機(jī)的油耗增大。

The optimal working temperature of traditional engine is 80-90 degrees, the optimum temperature is slightly higher than that of the traditional engine EFI engine, usually 88-95 degrees, even up to 103 degrees. Maintain the normal working temperature on the operation of the engine is very important. If the temperature is too low, the engine, on the one hand that the combustion gas excessive heat dissipation, descent engine thermal efficiency; on the other hand will make part of the cylinder of the combustible mixture in the cylinder wall condensation and flows to a sump, not only increase fuel consumption, but also make the oil thinning and influence of lubrication the engine, causing increased wear; in addition, the control system of the EFI engine fuel injection will increase the volume in the engine operating temperature is low, the oil consumption of the engine.

1增加機(jī)械損失。冷卻水溫度過低，從而潤滑油溫度隨之降低，其流動性變差，不僅增加零件磨損，而且由于摩擦阻力增大，使機(jī)械損失增加。

1 increases the mechanical loss. The cooling water temperature is too low, so the lubricating oil temperature decreases, its liquidity, not only increase the wear parts, but also because of the friction resistance increases, the mechanical loss increased.

2造成缸壁腐蝕。氣缸溫度過低，氣缸內(nèi)的水蒸氣易凝結(jié)于缸壁上。柴油燃燒時生成的一些燃燒產(chǎn)物(如二氧化硫)遇到冷凝的缸壁上的水，缸壁就會形成強(qiáng)烈的腐蝕劑(亞硫酸、硫酸)黏附在缸壁上。缸壁從而受到強(qiáng)烈的腐蝕，使表面金屬組織疏松。當(dāng)氣缸套與活塞環(huán)相互摩擦刮削時，使金屬表面層脫落，或在缸套工作面出現(xiàn)蝕點、凹坑。

2 the wall corrosion. Cylinder temperature is too low, the cylinder water vapor condenses on the wall. Some products of combustion diesel combustion generated (such as sulfur dioxide) wall met condensation on the water, the cylinder will form the corrosive strong (sulfurous acid, sulfuric acid) attached to the wall. Wall which subjected to intense corrosion, so that the surface of metal porous structure. When the cylinder sleeve and piston ring friction during scraping, the metal surface layer off, or corrosion, pit in cylinder working surface.

3熱損失增加。柴油機(jī)在低溫下工作，冷卻水帶走氣缸內(nèi)大量熱能，使熱損失增加；由于燃油在氣缸內(nèi)燃燒不完全，不僅會

3 the increase in heat loss. Diesel engine operating at low temperature, cooling water to take away a lot of heat in the cylinder, the heat loss increases; because the fuel combustion in the cylinder is not completely, not only will

康明斯柴油機(jī)水箱和機(jī)油中進(jìn)柴油的故障原因分析

Analysis of Cummins diesel engine water tank and oil into diesel fault

康明斯柴油機(jī)停止工作時有柴油從水箱溢流孔流出，當(dāng)打開水箱蓋時有10L左右的柴油流出；柴油機(jī)工作過程中油底殼中油面不斷上升，機(jī)油黏度下降，壓力降低，幾乎一個星期就要更換一次機(jī)油；柴油機(jī)水溫偏高；工作無力。

Cummins diesel engine to stop working when the diesel flow out from the water tank overflow hole, when the water tank cover is opened about 10L diesel out; working process of diesel engine oil sump oil rising, oil viscosity decreases, pressure drop, to be replaced once a oil for almost a week of diesel engine; high temperature; unable to work.

分析認(rèn)為，產(chǎn)生此故障的原因有：

The analysis thinks, cause of this failure:

⑴氣缸蓋有氣孔或裂紋。康明斯柴油機(jī)的PT燃油泵式燃油供給系統(tǒng)中，其柴油道在缸蓋上，缸蓋上既有機(jī)油道和水道，又有柴油道。工作時，缸蓋上柴油道中柴油壓力為0.8～1.2MPa，水的壓力小于0.6MPa，柴油壓力高于水的壓力，一旦缸蓋上出現(xiàn)氣孔、砂眼或裂紋，會使水道和柴油道相通，則柴油就會進(jìn)入水道中。

The cylinder cover with air holes or cracks. PT fuel pump fuel system of Cummins diesel engine, the diesel engine cylinder head cylinder head on, both organic oil channel and channel, and diesel road. When working, the cylinder head of diesel oil in the pressure of 0.8 ~ 1.2MPa, the water pressure is less than 0.6MPa, diesel oil pressure is higher than the pressure of the water, once the holes, sand holes or cracks on the cylinder head, the waterway and diesel road interlinked, diesel will enter.

⑵密封失效或機(jī)構(gòu)有故障。如，PT泵主軸油封失效，柴油由此進(jìn)入正時齒輪箱后到達(dá)油底殼；PT泵上柴油出口處的斷油閥關(guān)閉不嚴(yán)，柴油機(jī)雖已停機(jī)，但由于柴油箱位置較高，柴油仍可循著下列路線進(jìn)入油底殼：油箱→油管→PT齒輪泵→斷油閥（關(guān)閉不嚴(yán)時）→油管→噴油器（處于回油和量油行程的噴油器，其油嘴腔中的柴油和柴油箱相通，在大氣壓力的作用下柴油通過噴孔滴入燃燒室）→燃燒室→油底殼；噴油器孔過大、損傷或噴油器上下兩道O形密封圈損壞時，柴油都會進(jìn)入燃燒室，繼而滲進(jìn)油底殼；PT燃油系統(tǒng)的回油歧管上的單向閥失效時，柴油會通過它流到噴油器后滲進(jìn)油底殼平；柴油箱出口處安有一個手動截止閥，如果閥芯損壞、關(guān)閉不嚴(yán)，柴油也會流進(jìn)燃燒室，進(jìn)入油底殼；某個氣缸壓力太低，造成該缸不工作，使柴油流進(jìn)油底殼；柴油機(jī)進(jìn)氣不足，燃燒不安全，柴油會沿著缸壁流進(jìn)油底殼。

The seal failure or faulty. For example, PT pump main shaft oil seal failure, diesel entered the timing gear box after the arrival of the oil pan; oil cut-off valve closure lax diesel outlet PT pump, diesel engine has been shut down, but because the fuel tank position is higher, diesel still follow the following route into the oil sump oil tank, oil pipe, off: PT gear pump and valve (closed), tubing, fuel injector (in the injector, oil and oil stroke diesel and diesel nozzle is communicated with the cavity of the box, under the atmospheric pressure through the nozzle hole diesel drops into the combustion chamber), the combustion chamber, oil bottom shell; injection oil hole is too large, damage or injector two road O sealing ring is damaged, the diesel will into the combustion chamber, and then into the oil pan; failure of unidirectional valve manifold on the back of the PT fuel system, diesel oil can flow into the injector into the oil pan after flat through it; export at the diesel tank is provided with a manual valve, if the spool is damaged, not tightly closed, diesel will flow into the combustion chamber, into the oil pan; a cylinder pressure is too low, causing the cylinder does not work, the diesel oil into the oil sump; diesel engine intake is insufficient, the combustion is not safe, along the cylinder of diesel engine wall flow Into the oil pan.

拆檢柴油機(jī)時發(fā)現(xiàn)，第Ⅱ缸和第Ⅴ缸的噴油器周圍有許多砂眼，由于發(fā)動機(jī)工作時柴油壓力大于水的壓力，水不能往噴油器周圍的柴油道中流，因此柴油就進(jìn)入了水箱；Ⅱ缸噴油器推桿的頂部碎了和V缸噴油器的推桿彎了，致使Ⅱ、Ⅴ缸噴油器推桿的升程改變，不能準(zhǔn)確地供油，導(dǎo)致柴油不能完全燃燒而流到油底殼中；另外，將PT泵斷油閥上的出油管拆下后，發(fā)現(xiàn)仍有柴油從斷油閥口流出。清洗閥芯后柴油不再滲出；同時，更換了新的缸蓋和推桿后，故障現(xiàn)象消除。

Discovery of dismantling the engine, there are a lot of sand holes around the injector cylinder and cylinder II V, because when the engine is operating diesel oil pressure is greater than the pressure of the water, the water not to flow around the injector of diesel, diesel, therefore enters the water tank; the push rod at the top of cylinder injector push rod broken and V cylinder injector bent, which change the lift II, V cylinder injector push rod, can not accurately supply, causing diesel cannot complete combustion and flow to the oil pan; in addition, the PT pump shutoff valve on the outlet pipe is removed, found that there are still diesel flow from the oil cut-off valve port. After the cleaning valve diesel no exudation; at the same time, the replacement of the new cylinder head and the push rod, fault elimination.

柴油發(fā)動機(jī)發(fā)電機(jī)排氣管噴油是怎么回事？

Diesel engine generator exhaust pipe injection is how to return a responsibility?

首先要判斷一下噴的是柴油（柴油高溫后跟機(jī)油很像）還是機(jī)油，還是水，水在這種情況根油很像。首先應(yīng)該看看機(jī)油少了沒有，如果機(jī)油在減少，再看看下排氣大不大，如果下排氣大有可能是氣缸套，或者活塞環(huán)出現(xiàn)了問題，如果沒有下排氣，柴油機(jī)上有增壓器，檢查一下增壓器的間隙是否過大了。如果增壓器沒問題有可能是氣門油封老化了。

The first to judge the spray of diesel (diesel oil is high heels like) or oil, or the water, the water in the root oil like. Should first have a look oil no less, if the oil in the reduction, and then have a look under the exhaust is not big, if lower exhaust may be the cylinder liner piston ring, or problems, if there is no exhaust, a turbocharger diesel engine, check the gap at the turbocharger is too large. If the turbocharger is no problem may be the valve seal aging.

機(jī)油沒少，應(yīng)該斷缸看看各缸掉轉(zhuǎn)是否一樣，掉轉(zhuǎn)少的那個缸噴油器有問題。如果是水一般是氣缸蓋有裂紋或者沙眼。還有可能是氣缸套裂紋。

Oil less, should have a look around the broken cylinder cylinder is less, turned the cylinder injector has a problem. If the water is generally cylinder head crack or trachoma. There may be the cylinder liner crack.

1、噴柴油：是針閥壓緊彈簧斷了！

1, diesel: is a needle valve spring break!

2、噴機(jī)油：是油環(huán)斷了

2, spray oil: oil ring off

3、噴水：是銅套裂了

3, spray: copper sleeve crack